Anti Depresant Membuat Kesulitan Ereksi

Pengaruh Obat-obatan Terhadap Fungsi dan Perilaku Seksual

Membicarakan obat tentu tidak terlepas dari efek sampingg obar-obatan tersebut terhadap badan dan kinerja otak kita, baik kini maupun di kemudian hari. Dari berbagai macam disfungsi yang paling umum terjadi baik pada wanita maupun lelaki adalah KESULITAN EREKSI. Pada pria ini dapat menyebabkan kesulitan “berdiri” sehingga sangat lemah untuk dapat melakukan dan erjadinya disfungsi ereksi. Pemikiran yang salah selama ini adalah kalau mereka meminum obat-obatan ini malah dapat membuat mereka “hebat” di ranjang, padhal ini adalah kekeliruan besar. Dalam artikel ini saya akan coba mengulas tentang disfugsi (ganguan) sexual akibat obat-obatan, khususnya obat-obatan anti depresant.

 BATASAN

• Perilaku seksual adalah manifestasi aktivitas seksual yang mencakup baik hubungan seks (intercourse; coitus; cohabitatio) maupun masturbasi.

• Dorongan / nafsu seksual adalah minat/niat seseorang untuk memulai atau mengadakan hubungan intim (sexual relationship).

• Kegairahan seksual (Sexual Excitement) adalah respons tubuh terhadap rangsangan seksual. Ada dua respons yang mendasar yaitu myotonia (ketegangan otot yang meninggi) dan vasocongestion (pengisian pembuluh darah dengan cairan) terutama pada alat kelamin (Belliveau Richter, 1970).

• Disfungsi (psiko) seksual adalah gangguan respons fungsi seksual. Pada pria : kegagalan yang menetap atau berulang, sebagian atau keseluruhan, untuk memperoleh dan atau mempertahankan ereksi sampai terselesaikannya aktivitas seksual. Pada wanita: kegagalan yang menetap atau berulang, baik sebagian atau secara keseluruhan, untuk memperoleh dan atau mempertahankan respons lubrikasi vasokongesti sampai berakhirnya aktivitas seksual.

Ada 6 jenis kelainan fungsi seksual (sexual dysfunction):

1. Sexual desire disorder

    * Hypoactive sexual desire
    * Sexual aversion disorder
    * Hyperactive sexual desire

2. Sexual arousal disorder

    * Erectile disorder (impotence)
    * Frigidity, lack of vaginal lubrication

3. Orgasm disorder

    * Premature,delayed or lack of ejaculation (pria)
    * Anorgasmia (orgasmic dysfunction) (wanita)

4. Sexual pain disorder

    * Vaginismus (wanita)
    * Dispareunia (pria dan wanita)

5. Unspecified Sexual Dysfunction

    * Orgasmic anhedonia
    * Mastubatory pain
    * Autoerotic asphyxiation

6. Lain-lain

    * Postcoital dysphoria
    * Nymphomania

 

Berikut daftar obat-obat nonpsikotropik atau nonpsikoaktif, yang dapat mempengaruhi fungsi seksual manusia.

A. Obat-obat Antihipertensi

Dapat menurunkan libido dan fungsi seks

1. Diuretika

    * thiazide
    * ethacrynic acid
    * furosemide
    * spironolactone

2. Non-diuretika

    * alpha-methy1dopa
    * guanethidine
    * hydralasine
    * reserpine
    * propranolol.
    * nimodipin
    * penghambat ganglion: pentolinium,mecamy1amine

B. Hormon

    * androgen : testosteron
    * anti androgen: estrogen
    * cyprosterone acetate
    * medroxyprogesterone acetate/MPA
    * kortikosteroid
    * prednison,
    * prednisolon

C. Psikotropika ( bahan psikoaktif)

1. Sedatif dan hipnotik

    * Meprobamate : Medicar®
    * Benzodiazepin: Chlordiazepoxide (Librium®); Diazepam (Valiurn®); Alprazolam; Clobazam dan sebagainya)
    * Barbiturat (Luminal®, Pentothal®, Nembutal® dan sebagainya)
    * Methaqualone

2. Antipsikotika

    * Phenothiazine (Largacti1®,Melleril®,Stelazine®)
    * Haloperidol (Haldol®, Serenace®)
    * Monoamine-Oxidase Inhibitor (MAO-I): (Aurorix®)
    * Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
    * Lithium Carbonate (Priadel®; Theralite®)
    * Anticholinergics (Cimetidine; Clofibrate; L-Dopa)

3. Alkohol/minuman beralkohol

4. Nikotin (tembakau, sigaret)

5. Marijuana (gelek, ganja, hasish, cimeng)

6. Opioid (heroin)

7. Amfetamin (MDMA, Ecstasy)

8. Kokain

9. Halusinogen (LSD/acid, mushroom)

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Obat-obat antidepresan dapat menyebabkan kesulitan orgasme pada wanita dan kesulitan ejakulasi pada pria; yang merupakan efek samping utama. Ini terjadi misalnya pada antidepresan trisiklik seperti clomipramine, imipramine, amitriptyline, dan lebih jarang oleh desipramine, amoxapine dan nortriptyline. Untuk golongan MAO-I, tersering oleh phenelzine. Pargyline, isocarboxazid dan tranylcypromine kurang menyebabkan disfungsi seksual.

Untuk golongan antidepresan atipikal: trazodone menyebabkan anorgasmia/inhibisi ejakulasi sertraline menyebabkan kelambatan ejakulasi, dan fluoxetine menyebabkan kesulitan orgasme atau orgasme spontan. Cyproheptadine dapat memulihkan disfungsi ejakulasi/orgasme akibat antidepresan.

Antidepresan diperlukan dan efektif untuk disfungsi seksual yang merupakan gejala depresi. Vilaxazine dan trazodone dilaporkan lebih efektif daripada yang lainnya untuk memperbaiki ereksi dan minat seksual pada pasien depresi.

Antidepresan juga efektif untuk sexual phobia dan premature ejaculation. (yang terakhir ini memanfaatkan efek samping antikholinergik) untuk ini yang tersering dipakai adalah imipramine, walaupun yang lain juga bisa termasuk MAO-Is. Clomipramine terkenal karena mempunyai efek paradoksal : menginduksi atau menghambat orgasme wanita.

sumber: netdoctor.co.uk- smallcrab.com - doctormurray.com

HOW TO PLANT CANNABIS? (for medical purpose only)

How to grow marijuana seeds is very easy. If you want your precious seeds that can be grown, here's how to do it:

1. Make Shelves and provide standard fluorescent lamps. Build shelves is at a comfortable height for you to work. To accommodate the standard fluorescent lights make long-rack the size of a 4 foot distance between the racks should also be in the account, make at least 12 inches and 24 inches.

2.Provide light / lamp. Light is essential for plant growth. White lights are the most appropriate. Hang them with hooks and chains so that more can be adjusted later.

3. Take the container for watering. The recommended one is from vinyl. The goal aar drainage and circulation running smoothly.

4. Remember to keep water off the floor. Make the connection to the water flowing through a pipe or a bathtub fall.

5. Try to fill in containers or pots that are smaller to put on in the flat. Adjust the standard size flat.

6. Water content in the soil until the very wet to begin.

7.Germinate the seeds. Soak them in water overnight in a dark cabinet, not the fridge. Then place a paper towel in a shallow plate, place the seed upon the towel, then fold the towel over. Make sure, the plate is filled with water then drain off the excess, leaving the paper soaked and the seeds inside. Put in cabinet. Check at least every eight hours. Don't let the paper dry out ever. You will easily be able to visually see the seed when or if they germinate. The time can vary. My seed germinates in one day.

8 Having seen little growth on seeds, ground seeds in the soil, not too deep, shallow enough just make a hole with your finger and insert the seed.

9. For small seed or young carefully in a water problem. Not too many watered. Use the natural spring water that initially do not have terampur with fertilizers and the like.

10. If you later have germinated, not too much water to be moist. This is what is usually the fault of the beginner.

Source: youtube
            wikihow

Body Detox Methods (at YOUR HOME)

Detoxing and cleansing have become popular in recent years. According to Elson Haas in "Staying Healthy with Nutrition," detoxification removes toxins from the body and can improve basic bodily functions, such as digestion and elimination. With so many products, supplements and services out there, it can be difficult to know which ones are safe and effective and which ones aren't. Signs of toxic buildup can include fatigue, difficulty concentrating, headaches, hormonal imbalances, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, lack of energy, frequent colds and skin problems. Detoxing to many means drinking a concoction of ingredients or buying a "boxed" cleanse from a health-food store. The fact of the matter is, detoxing can be done easily at home.

Detox Foods

Detoxing can seem overwhelming. Haas explains that when toxins build up in your body, congestion occurs. Slowly shifting your diet from more-congesting foods, such as meat and processed foods, to less-congesting foods, like fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains, is a way to start detoxifying your body. He also states that individuals who feel sluggish and congested could benefit from a vegetarian diet for three weeks. This diet would include plenty of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and legumes.

Spice It Up!

Spices and herbs, such as turmeric, ginger, coriander and rosemary, are an easy addition to any meal. Many herbs and spices have amazing detoxification properties and provide gentle assistance in removing toxins from our bodies. Turmeric, for example, is known for its work in detoxing the liver.

Contrast Showers

In contrast showers, you turn the water back and forth between hot and cold for timed intervals. At the end of your shower, turn the water up to a hot temperature for two minutes. Then turn the water down to a cold temperature for one minute. Repeat three to four times. The varying temperatures promote detoxification by increasing circulation and lymph movement. Contrast showers are not recommended for pregnant women and people with heart problems, asthma, diabetes, Raynaud's Syndrome and vascular problems.

Up Your Water Intake

Drinking water is one of the most underrated detox methods. Naturopathic doctor Christopher Vasey states that we eliminate approximately 2.5 liters of water each day. When dehydration occurs, the kidneys cannot effectively filter the blood and must pass on some of their work to the liver. This can cause the liver to become overworked and stressed. Aim to drink a minimum of 2 liters of water each day. If you work out, try to get 3 liters per day.

Go Organic

Due to the use of pesticides and herbicides in today's farming methods, many fruits and vegetables in the grocery stores today are laden with toxins. According to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), the top 12 produce items to always buy organic are celery, peaches, strawberries, apples, blueberries, nectarines, bell peppers, spinach, cherries, kale/collard greens, potatoes and imported grapes.

References

• "Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine"; Michael Murray N.D.; 1999
• Environmental Working Group: Shopper's Guide
• Pure Inside Out: Detox Bath
• Christopher Vasey
• "Staying Healthy With Nutrition"; Elson Haas, M.D.; 2006

Medical Uses of Cannabis and THC

Medical Uses of Cannabis and THC

General Remarks

There are marked differences in the knowledge on the medical uses of cannabis and cannabinoids in different diseases. For nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, anorexia and cachexia in HIV/AIDS, chronic, especially neuropathic pain, spasticity in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury there is strong evidence for medical benefits. For many other indications, such as epilepsy, pruritus and depression there is much less available data. However, the scientific evidence for a specific indication does not necessarily reflect the actual therapeutic potential for a given disease.

Clinical studies with single cannabinoids or whole plant preparations (smoked cannabis, cannabis extract) have often been inspired by positive anecdotal experiences of patients employing crude cannabis products. The anti-emetic, the appetite enhancing, relaxing effects, analgesia, and therapeutic use in Tourette's syndrome were all discovered in this manner. 

Incidental observations have also revealed therapeutically useful effects. This occurred in a study with patients with Alzheimer's disease wherein the primary issue was an examination of the appetite-stimulating effects of THC. Not only appetite and body weight increased, but disturbed behaviour among the patients also decreased. The discovery of decreased intraocular pressure with THC administration in the beginning of the 1970s was also serendipitous. Additional interesting indications that have not been scientifically investigated, but remain common problems in modern medicine may benefit from treatment with cannabis or cannabinoids. For this reason, surveys have been conducted questioning individuals that use cannabis therapeutically. They were conducted either as oral non-standardized interviews in the course of investigations of state or scientific institutions (House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology in the UK, Institute of Medicine in the USA) on the therapeutic potential of cannabis or as anonymous surveys using standardized questionnaires.

Nausea and Vomiting

Treatment of side effects associated with antineoplastic therapy is the indication for cannabinoids which has been most documented, with about 40 studies (THC, nabilone, other THC analogues, cannabis). Most trials were conducted in the 1980s. THC has to be dosed relatively highly, so that resultant side effects may occur comparatively frequently. THC was inferior to high-dose metoclopramide in one study. There are no comparisons of THC to the modern serotonin antagonists. Some recent investigations have shown that THC in low doses improves the efficacy of other antiemetic drugs if given together. In folk medicine cannabinoids are popular and are often used in other causes of nausea including AIDS and hepatitis.

Anorexia and Cachexia

An appetite enhancing effect of THC is observed with daily divided doses totalling 5 mg. When required, the daily dose may be increased to 20 mg. In a long-term study of 94 AIDS patients, the appetite-stimulating effect of THC continued for months, confirming the appetite enhancement noted in a shorter 6 week study. THC doubled appetite on a visual analogue scale in comparison to placebo. Patients tended to retain a stable body weight over the course of seven months. A positive influence on body weight was also reported in 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease who were previously refusing food. 

Spasticity

In many clinical trials of THC, nabilone and cannabis, a beneficial effect on spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury has been observed. Among other positively influenced symptoms were pain, paraesthesia, tremor and ataxia. In some studies improved bladder control was observed. There is also some anecdotal evidence of a benefit of cannabis in spasticity due to lesions of the brain.

Movement Disorders

There are some positive anecdotal reports of therapeutic response to cannabis in Tourette's syndrome, dystonia and tardive dyskinesia. The use in Tourette's syndrome is currently being investigated in clinical studies. Many patients achieve a modest improvement, however some show a considerable response or even complete symptom control. In some MS patients, benefits on ataxia and reduction of tremor have been observed following the administration of THC. Despite occasional positive reports, no objective success has been found in parkinsonism or Huntington disease. However, cannabis products may prove useful in levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease without worsening the primary symptoms.

Pain

Large clinical studies have proven analgesic properties of cannabis products. Among possible indications are neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, damage of the brachial plexus and HIV infection, pain in rheumatoid arthritis, cancer pain, headache, menstrual pain, chronic bowel inflammation and neuralgias. Combination with opioids is possible.

Glaucoma

In 1971, during a systematic investigation of its effects in healthy cannabis users, it was observed that cannabis reduces intraocular pressure. In the following 12 years a number of studies in healthy individuals and glaucoma patients with cannabis and several natural and synthetic cannabinoids were conducted. cannabis decreases intraocular pressure by an average 25-30%, occasionally up to 50%. Some non-psychotropic cannabinoids, and to a lesser extent, some non-cannabinoid constituents of the hemp plant also decrease intraocular pressure. 

Epilepsy

The use in epilepsy is among its historically oldest indications of cannabis. Animal experiments provide evidence of the antiepileptic effects of some cannabinoids. The anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin and diazepam have been potentiated by THC. According to a few case reports from the 20th century, some epileptic patients continue to utililize cannabis to control an otherwise unmanageable seizure disorder. Cannabis use may occasionally precipitate convulsions.

Asthma

Experiments examining the anti-asthmatic effect of THC or cannabis date mainly from the 1970s, and are all acute studies. The effects of a cannabis cigarette (2% THC) or oral THC (15 mg), respectively, approximately correspond to those obtained with therapeutic doses of common bronchodilator drugs (salbutamol, isoprenaline). Since inhalation of cannabis products may irritate the mucous membranes, oral administration or another alternative delivery system would be preferable. Very few patients developed bronchoconstriction after inhalation of THC.

Dependency and Withdrawal

According to historical and modern case reports cannabis is a good remedy to combat withdrawal in dependency on benzodiazepines, opiates and alcohol. For this reason, some have referred to it as a gateway drug back. In this context, both the reduction of physical withdrawal symptoms and stress connected with discontinuance of drug abuse may play a role in its observed benefits.

Psychiatric Symptoms

An improvement of mood in reactive depression has been observed in several clinical studies with THC. There are additional case reports claiming benefit of cannabinoids in other psychiatric symptoms and diseases, such as sleep disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, and dysthymia. Various authors have expressed different viewpoints concerning psychiatric syndromes and cannabis. While some emphasize the problems caused by cannabis, others promote the therapeutic possibilities. Quite possibly cannabis products may be either beneficial or harmful, depending on the particular case. The attending physician and the patient should be open to a critical examination of the topic, and a frankness to both possibilities.

Autoimmune Diseases and Inflammation

In a number of painful syndromes secondary to inflammatory processes (e.g. ulcerative colitis, arthritis), cannabis products may act not only as analgesics but also demonstrate anti-inflammatory potential. For example, some patients employing cannabis report a decrease in their need for steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Moreover there are some reports of positive effects of cannabis self-medication in allergic conditions. It is as yet unclear whether cannabis products may have a relevant effects on causative processes of autoimmune diseases.

Miscellaneous, Mixed Syndromes

There are a number of positive patient reports on medical conditions that cannot be easily assigned to the above categories, such as pruritus, hiccup, ADS (attention deficit syndrome), high blood pressure, tinnitus, chronic fatigue syndrome, restless leg syndrome, and others. Several hundreds possible indications for cannabis and THC have been described by different authors. For example, 2,5 to 5 mg THC were effective in three patients with pruritus due to liver diseases. Another example is the successful treatment of a chronic hiccup that developed after a surgery. No medication was effective, but smoking of a cannabis cigarette completely abolished the symptoms.

Cannabis products often show very good effects in diseases with multiple symptoms that encompassed within the spectrum of THC effects, for example, in painful conditions that have an inflammatory origin (e.g., arthritis), or are accompanied by increased muscle tone (e.g., menstrual cramps, spinal cord injury), or in diseases with nausea and anorexia accompanied by pain, anxiety and depression, respectively (e.g. AIDS, cancer, hepatitis C). 

See clinical studies and case reports: Click here